The dream of Pakistan, a separate homeland for the Muslims, was first envisioned by Allama Iqbal. Sir Muhammad Iqbal (1877 - 1938) was a Muslim poet, Sufi, philosopher and politician born in Sialkot, British India. His poetry in Urdu and Persian is considered to be among the greatest of the modern era. His vision of an independent state for the Muslims of British India was to
inspire the creation of Pakistan.

After studying in England and Germany, Iqbal established a law practice, but concentrated primarily on writing scholarly works on politics, economics, history, philosophy and religion. Iqbal was a strong proponent of the political and spiritual revival of Islamic civilisation across the world, but specifically in India; a series of famous lectures he delivered to this effect were published as The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. He has inspired Muslims with the realization of life and urged them for self-reform and self-actualization by searching for their khudi or self.

Your prayer cannot change the Order of the Universe,
But it is possible that praying will alter your being;
If there is a revolution in your inner Self
It will not be strange, then, if the whole world changes too

Social and Political Aspect of Islam

He is known as The Thinker of Pakistan, The Poet of the East, The Sage of Ummah. In his speech, Iqbal emphasized that unlike Christianity, Islam came with “legal concepts” with “civic significance,” with its “religious ideals” considered as inseparable from social order:

“therefore, the construction of a policy on national lines, if it means a displacement of the Islamic principle of solidarity, is simply unthinkable to a Muslim.”

Rumi And Iqbal

Maulana Rumi and Iqbal communicated a shared message “learn to see and think in a new way.” As Suroosh Irfani writes:

“this message sums up an outlook of life as a forward assimilative movement, even as one remains rooted in an Islamic heritage. Indeed, the message arose in a historical context when old certainties were crumbling and the new were struggling to be born: Rumi lived at a time when the Muslim world was traumatised by Mongol invasions, while Iqbal’s was a time of awakening of the colonised masses that eventually led to the independence of India and Pakistan.”

The political system in Islam

a.Sovereignty of Allah which means supremacy of Shariah (Quran and Sunnah). The basic law of the state shall be based on the Quran and the Sunnah.
b.Government established by the free choice of the people.
c.Fundamental rights: All citizens should have human rights irrespective of gender or creed. The Islamic Constitutions of the world have a chapter on the Fundamental rights or Rights of the people which are available to all the citizens in the state.
d.Rule of Law and Independence of Judiciary are important points of Islamic political system.
e.Shura or consultation with the people and among the persons in the Government through various forum including Parliament is an important element in Islamic political theory.

Khilafat establishes the authority of Allah on earth, and the Khalifa (ruler) strives to uphold that authority within the community of followers. For the believers, Khilafat is an embodiment of Allah’s Unity, as they choose to take divine authority through the person of the Khalifa. The believers partake of the blessings of Khilafat by holding firm to their faith and practices, united under him.

The vision of Iqbal does come to life in the form of Pakistan, but by separating the Islamic social elements from government and politics, this country has lost the vision of its founders.